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(ATLANTA) — Life expectancy in the United States decreased by nearly two years in 2020, mainly because of the pandemic, a new federal report suggests.

In 2019, Americans had a life expectancy — the average number of years a person is expected to live — of 78.8 years.

But new data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) found this figure fell to 77.0 years in 2020, marking the biggest drop seen since World War II.

“The thing that stands out to me is just this staggering decline,” Dr. Robert Anderson, chief of mortality statistics at the NCHS, told ABC News.”I know 1.8 years doesn’t seem like a whole lot but, on a population scale, that’s a huge decline in life expectancy.”

This is the biggest decrease seen since World War II, when life expectancy fell by 2.9 years from 66.2 years in 1942 to 63.3 years in 1943.

Although the report lays bare the impact that the virus has had on life expectancy, the team behind the report said other factors also played a role, including an increase in deaths due to diabetes and accidental injuries, such as drug overdoses.

Diabetes deaths topped 100,000 for the first time, Anderson said, and accidental or unintentional injury deaths, such as drug overdoses, topped 200,000.

However, he said that COVID-19 is undoubtedly the biggest reason for the decline.

According to the report, there were more than 3.38 million deaths in the U.S. last year, about 530,000 more than there were in 2019.

Of that 3.38 million, more than 350,000 deaths were attributed to COVID-19, meaning 10.4% of all deaths in 2020 were caused by the virus.

“I can tell you it’s the primary driver in the decline in life expectancy and the increase in mortality,” Anderson said. “We’re talking about 350,000 deaths. That accounts for the bulk of the increase in morality — the overwhelming majority.”

Men saw a bigger decrease in life expectancy, losing 2.1 years — from 76.3 in 2019 to 74.2 in 2020 — compared to a decline of 1.5 years — from 81.4 in 2019 to 79.9 in 2020 — for women.

COVID-19 was the third leading cause of death in 2020, responsible for 85 deaths per 100,000 people.

Anderson said it is the first time a new disease has entered the top 10 leading causes of death so quickly.

“A disease that comes out of nowhere and ends up in the top 10 or top five? You’d have to go back to the early days of the HIV epidemic to see something similar.”

He said HIV never got higher than the eighth-leading cause of death and, even then, it took a few years after the virus was first identified before it reached the top 10.

“This is sort of similar, but even more dramatic, because in one year it goes from nothing to the third-leading cause of death,” Anderson added. “Remarkable.”

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(NEW YORK) — With millions of Americans set to travel and gather for Christmas and the New Year, families across the country are scrambling to try to ensure they are adequately protected against the coronavirus.

Experts suggest a confluence of factors is likely driving the country’s case rate up amid the surge of the omicron variant, most notably the millions of Americans who remain unvaccinated.

Many of those who have yet to get the shot are children, despite the fact that in the U.S. anyone over the age of 5 is eligible for the vaccine. Pfizer shots were authorized by the Food and Drug Administration for those 5 to 11 at the end of October, 12 to 15 in May and are fully approved for those 16 and older.

Since the emergence of the delta variant, children have been a significant driving factor behind the nation’s latest coronavirus surges, accounting for about a quarter of the nation’s reported weekly COVID-19 cases. Since July, more than 3.3 million have tested positive for the virus, representing 1 in every 4 cases, according to data from the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Children’s Hospital Association. In addition, the U.S. has not seen a week with fewer than 100,000 new pediatric cases since early August.

Now, given the potential for the highly transmissible omicron variant to cause an even greater wave of infections, experts say it is more critical than ever for children to be vaccinated in order to protect them and those around them, from severe disease and hospitalization, despite the fact that severe illness remains generally uncommon among children.

“[Omicron’s] increased transmissibility makes it possible that we’ll see very high case numbers in children, especially if they remain unvaccinated,” Dr. Kristin Moffitt, an infectious disease specialist at Boston Children’s Hospital told ABC News. “Even if severe infection remains relatively uncommon in children, if case numbers in children skyrocket, we’ll see many more pediatric hospitalizations.”

Earlier this week, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that models, which estimate the epidemic trajectory of coronavirus in the U.S., suggest that the new COVID-19 infections are likely to surge in the weeks to come and could exceed previous peaks, due to omicron.

“One of the fundamental drivers of ongoing community transmission is that there remains a significant portion of our population that is not immune to COVID,” C. Buddy Creech, director of the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program and associate professor of pediatric infectious diseases, told ABC News.

More than 90 million Americans are currently unvaccinated — including 51 million children under the age of 18.

Child COVID-19 cases on the rise again

Since the onset of the pandemic, nearly 7.4 million children and adolescents have tested positive for coronavirus, and in the last week alone, approximately 170,000 pediatric cases were reported, according to a new report from AAP and CHA, released on Monday.

“I think it is concerning to see these rates increasing,” Dr. Lee Beers, the AAP president, told “GMA3” on Tuesday. “It’s been a long, almost two years, and everyone is tired and everyone is frustrated and that’s all the more reason for us to be coming together to work together to really try to beat this thing and I think our kids are struggling.”

Since the first week of September, there have been nearly 2.3 million child cases — nearly a third of the total pediatric cases reported since the onset of the pandemic — and over the last month, pediatric COVID-19 related hospital admissions have increased by 33%, according to federal data.

“As children make up a larger portion of the unvaccinated population, they will account for a higher percentage of cases,” added Moffitt.

Although young people have largely been spared from acute COVID-19 illness, experts stress that children are not immune from the virus. According to the CDC, children are as likely to be infected with COVID-19 as adults and the virus now one of the top 10 causes of death for children ages 5 through 11 years.

There continues to be the misconception, among some, that children and teenagers may not be as severely affected by COVID-19 as adults, explained Creech. While that seemed to be the case early on in the pandemic, the delta variant proved otherwise.

“We began to see far more infections in children, some of which were severe. In addition, we continue to see long COVID, myocarditis, and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children who appear to have very mild symptoms at the outset,” said Creech.

Pediatric COVID-19 vaccination rates continue to lag

With less than a third of the pediatric population — those under 18 — fully vaccinated, officials, health experts and pediatricians alike have been urging parents to get their children vaccinated.

“If your child is five years of age and older, please get them vaccinated. We need to protect the children,” Dr. Anthony Fauci, chief medical adviser to the White House, told George Stephanopoulos on ABC News’ “This Week” earlier this month. “This idea that children are not vulnerable at all is not so.”

President Joe Biden echoed Fauci’s sentiment on Tuesday, pleading with all families to get their “children protected today.”

“If your children are not vaccinated, please get them vaccinated,” Biden said. “If you’re a parent, understandably you waited – to see how the first shots went with other kids, before getting your own kid vaccinated, you can stop waiting.”

However, about two-thirds of parents of elementary school-aged children are either holding off on getting their younger children vaccinated or refuse to do so, according to another recent Kaiser Family Foundation poll, conducted before the discovery of omicron.

The safety profile of the Pfizer vaccine for eligible children remains “very reassuring,” added Moffit.

Earlier this month, CDC Director Dr. Rochelle Walensky told ABC News that real-world monitoring revealed vaccines are safe for young children.

Notably, the agency has yet to identify any concerns with the temporary heart inflammation known as myocarditis, a potential side effect of mRNA vaccines seen in rare circumstances in teenagers and young adults.

“We haven’t seen anything yet,” Walensky told ABC News Chief Medical Correspondent Dr. Jennifer Ashton. “We have an incredibly robust vaccine safety system, and so if [problems] were there, we would find it.”

Concerns over omicron

There is still not enough data to indicate how omicron will affect children, or whether it will potentially cause severe illness, compared to earlier variants.

Preliminary evidence indicates that omicron spreads at a rate two to three times faster than the delta variant, which experts say could result in a surge in COVID-19 cases, particularly among the unvaccinated.

“With delta, and now with omicron, we see the virus seeking and finding those who are either unvaccinated or whose circulating antibody levels have waned,” Creech explained.

Preliminary data from South Africa estimates that children had a 20% higher risk of hospitalization in the country’s omicron-driven fourth wave, given the fact that so many children were still unvaccinated, and therefore, unprotected.

In addition to the significant number of children and teenagers who are still unvaccinated, there is a large number of children under the age of five who are not yet eligible for the vaccine.

Late last week, the potential timeline for vaccines for children under 5 was pushed back after early data suggested that two lower doses of the Pfizer vaccine was not as effective for kids ages 2 to 5 as it was for the 16 to 25 population. Thus, scientists will add a third dose and see if the vaccine is as effective. Authorization for those 5 and younger may not come until the second quarter of 2022.

Experts therefore say it is critical for all those eligible to get vaccinated, in order to protect children who are still too young to get the shot.

“Vaccination will prevent infections, and fewer infections will mean lower transmission. Vaccinating everyone in a household who is able to be vaccinated will bring an added layer of protection to the entire household,” said Moffit.

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(NEW YORK) — Medical researchers say there is renewed promise in reducing COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths by increasing the use of convalescent plasma treatments early on in a coronavirus infection.

And some medical experts are pushing the federal government to allow more patients to receive the treatment, as lab-based monoclonal treatments such as Regeneron have seen lessened effectiveness against the omicron variant.

Researchers at John Hopkins University on Tuesday released the results of a 16-month nationwide study on convalescent plasma use on COVID-19 patients and found it had a 54% relative risk reduction in COVID-19-related hospitalizations.

Dr. Arturo Casadevall, one of the study’s co-authors and chair of the department of molecular microbiology and immunology at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, told ABC News that the results are promising, especially if the plasma is used early on in the infection period.

“The results show a 54% efficacy in reducing hospitalization if you give it up to day nine. It is clear and highly significant,” he said. “If you look to less than five days, the efficacy is much, much higher.”

Researchers observed 1,181 adults who contracted COVID-19, half of whom were given polyclonal high-titer convalescent plasma that contained a concentrated mixture of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The other half were given placebo control plasma with no COVID-19 antibodies,

None of the patients who received the convalescent plasma died, and only 17 were hospitalized within 28 days of their infection, the study said, whereas three patients who received the placebo died, and 37 were hospitalized within 28 days of their infection, according to researchers.

After the Food and Drug Administration granted emergency use authorization for monoclonal treatments made by Regeneron and Eli Lilly, the use of plasma treatments for hospitalized coronavirus patients decreased.

Unlike plasma treatments, monoclonal treatments are not derived from the blood of COVID-19 survivors but instead are a cocktail of lab-created antibodies. Those monoclonal treatments were shown to be very effective at preventing worsening symptoms and deaths in infected patients.

However, Casadevall, warned that plasma treatment options need to be more strongly considered as the omicron variant has made monoclonal antibody treatments less effective.

George Yancopoulos, the president and chief scientific officer at Regeneron, told ABC News his company does have a collection of antibodies that are effective against the omicron variant, but it will take at least a few months before it is authorized and shipped.

“People that are high risk who come down with COVID who receive plasma in lieu of monoclonals hopefully stay out of the hospital,” Casadevall said. “And so plasma holds the line until Regeneron comes out with a new set of monoclonals.”

The John Hopkins study comes two weeks after the World Health Organization advised against the use of treatments that use COVID-19 survivors’ plasma. The WHO said it used data from 16 trials involving more than 16,000 patients around the world and determined that the treatment did not “improve survival nor reduce the need for mechanical ventilation.”

Casadevall told ABC News that the WHO did not use the data from the John Hopkins research in its decision.

“We hope that they reverse their recommendation against convalescent plasma in light of the Hopkins study results, since this therapy is inexpensive and available in resource-poor countries where plasma can provide a major tool to reduce hospitalizations and mortality,” he told ABC News.

Andrea B. Troxel, a professor of population health and the director of the division of biostatistics at NYU School of Medicine who has also written studies on convalescent plasma treatments for COVID-19 patients, told ABC News that previous studies on the effectiveness of plasma treatment have been mixed, but she found the results of the John Hopkins University study to be very encouraging.

Troxel said the issue with plasma treatments is determining the right time for their use during the infection period, and the data in the new study gives doctors a better idea of its effectiveness.

“This is the sweet spot for plasma, early enough in the infection the plasma can do what it needs to do. For other studies, it maybe was a little late,” she told ABC News.

Casadevall said the Food and Drug Administration should extend its emergency use authorization for plasma treatments to the outpatient space to ensure the treatment is given at the right time.

Troxel echoed this call and said plasma treatments should be more widely used for infected patients

“There is a strong benefit for these patients in receiving plasma,” she said. “It is safe and there is no reason not to trust this evidence.”

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(NEW YORK) — The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the first-ever long-acting injectable drug for HIV prevention.

Until this week, the only FDA-licensed and approved medications for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis, most commonly known as PrEP, were daily oral pills containing the HIV treatment drugs tenofovir and emtricitabine, which slow the progression of an HIV infection in the body.

PrEP is taken daily so that it builds up in your system, to the point that if there is an HIV infection, it prevents the virus from replicating and spreading throughout the body.

When taken as prescribed, PrEP services reduce the risk of getting HIV from sex by about 99%, according to new data from the CDC. Now, individuals who feel at-risk of HIV infection have the option of taking the daily pill, or the new shot every two months, after two initiation injections administered one month apart.

“This injection, given every two months, will be critical to addressing the HIV epidemic in the U.S., including helping high-risk individuals and certain groups where adherence to daily medication has been a major challenge or not a realistic option,” the FDA said in a statement.

According to Dr. Darien Sutton, Emergency Medicine Physician, in an interview with “Good Morning America,” “This is a game-changer in the world of HIV prevention.”

“Patients often have difficulty complying with any oral medication, so a bi-monthly injection can truly change the landscape in terms of HIV prevention. Having a bi-monthly treatment also serves as an opportunity to interact with a patient, share risk reduction sexual health education and complete necessary screenings.”

“Patients on PrEP can often feel stigmatized with taking daily medication,” he told “GMA.” “Some have shared with me that they fear simple actions, like picking up their medications from the pharmacy due to fear of stigmatization. This stigma unfortunately doesn’t stop at the pharmacy, as many also fear being seen carrying their preventative medications in public.”

Sutton added, “The study was also inclusive, including transgender women, which allows better applicability with diverse patient populations.”

CDC data shows that an estimated 34,800 people in the United States acquired HIV in 2019, the most recent year for which data are available.

Men who have sex with men, transgender women who have sex with men, and Black cisgender women are among those disproportionately affected by HIV in the U.S.

Heterosexual people made up 23% of all HIV diagnoses in the U.S. and six dependent areas in 2019. Specifically, heterosexual men accounted for 7% of new HIV diagnoses and heterosexual women accounted for 16%.

The FDA approval comes on the heels of a CDC recommendation this month that there be an expansion of HIV prevention medication to close the gap on PrEP implementation.

In a release, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIHAID) also made a nod to the FDA approval, saying in part, “These medications are highly effective at preventing HIV when taken daily as prescribed, however, taking a pill daily while feeling healthy can be challenging.” Adding, “Long-acting injectable cabotegravir PrEP is a less frequent, more discreet HIV prevention option that may be more desirable for some people.”

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