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Grumpy Tom Hanks is now out there for the whole country to see — his new movie, A Man Called Otto, opens wide this weekend.
Hanks plays a guy who just really doesn’t like other people. And the man known as the nicest guy in Hollywood tells ABC Audio he loved exploring his nasty side.
“What you get to do in the course of playing a guy like Otto is you get to be right all the time. That’s the thing I like the best,” he explains.
“Look, there’s righteous fury and there’s also righteous crankiness,” adds Hanks. “You’ve been in this circumstance where you probably said, you know, ‘you can’t park there. Hey, you can’t park there.’ In which case, you’ve called out your inner Otto because there is a right way to do things. And if everybody understands the right way, well, then things go well.”
The two-time Oscar winner also reveals that, in spite of his nice-guy persona, he’s always “a nanosecond away” from getting angry.
“If you are in front of me and you turn without using your turn signal, you don’t turn on your blinker? Oh, dude, I love using that salty language, particularly when I’m in a car alone by myself,” he shares. “And it always starts with, ‘Oh, thanks for the turn signal.’ And then I go on for a little bit farther after that, you know. Not exactly the PG rating of Otto. Might get a little X-rated there.”
Rihanna has heard the chatter about how it’s been over six years since she released a record, and she wants y’all to hush.
That’s the gist of a teaser that dropped Friday morning promoting the nine-time Grammy winner and fashion mogul’s reemergence on the music scene, on arguably the most visible stage there is: The Super Bowl halftime show.
The spot opens on a black set, split with a single catwalk made of light. Overlapping voices tout that it’s been a while since we’ve gotten a record from the billionaire Barbadian superstar — “It’s been 2,190 days,” in fact, according to one voice.
“The last album we got from Rihanna was Anti in 2016,” another gripes. “RiRi where have you been?” shouts another, as Rihanna strides towards the camera, fluffing a shaggy chartreuse coat over a dramatic, low-cut pantsuit outfit and high heels, complimented with silver, double hoop earrings and a matching necklace decorated with crosses. Her hair is done up in tendril-like braids, and her eyes framed by shimmery blue eye shadow.
As the voices reach a cacophonous crescendo, the “catwalk” turns into a spotlight, revealing her completely. Rihanna then slowly raises her finger to her lips to say “shh,” as we hear a short snippet of her hit, “Needed Me.”
The screen then goes black, with a legend reading “Super Bowl LVII Halftime Show,” and the logo of its first-time sponsor, Apple Music.
The Super Bowl halftime show at will take place at State Farm Stadium in Glendale, Arizona, on February 12.
(WASHINGTON) — Since the U.S. Supreme Court overturned a New York law limiting the concealed carry of handguns in public areas, there has been an increasing lack of clarity on gun restrictions, experts told ABC News.
“The [New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen] decision really opens up a whole new way of analyzing the legality of firearm regulation and so there is no experience really to go by, so it’s essentially a free for all,” Michael Siegel, a faculty member at Tufts School of Medicine who studies firearm violence, told ABC News in an interview.
Siegel said the Bruen decision created a new system for how the constitutionality of firearm laws are to be judged where “nothing is really clear” and it is a trial and error situation.
The Bruen decision was “monumental” for gun rights and gave them a lot of key victories in the last few months, Alan Gottlieb, the executive director of the Second Amendment Foundation, told ABC News in an interview.
“We’ve knocked out some laws in California, we’ve got restraining orders against some of the ones in New York, we just got the temporary restraining order against the one in New Jersey,” Gottlieb said.
There are currently close to 50 cases in federal court challenging gun control laws across the country, Gottlieb said.
Gottlieb criticized lawmakers for passing what he said are more restrictive laws that are not drawn narrowly enough, despite the Breun decision.
“Breun opened the door to extreme decisions, but it didn’t close the door to sensible gun regulation,” Janet Carter, who directs Everytown’s national Second Amendment practice, told ABC News in an interview.
A federal judge in Oregon allowed a ballot measure approved by voters to stay in place, restricting large capacity magazines, by recognizing that they are not necessary for the function of a gun or for self defense, Carter cited.
Illinois
Illinois became the latest state to ban assault weapons along with high capacity magazines and rapid-firing devices.
The ban came six months after a gunman used a semiautomatic rifle to shoot and kill seven people at a 4th of July parade in Highland Park.
While the ban was signed into law by the state’s governor, Siegel warned that it could face challenges in court.
Siegel also criticized the assault weapons ban saying that it targets cosmetic features of guns, but does not make the guns themselves safer. Research also suggests that assault weapon bans do not have any impact on reducing firearm violence, Siegel said.
However, research shows that states that have bans on large capacity, ammunition magazines actually experience fewer fatalities when a mass shooting occurs, according to Siegel.
New Jersey
It is still unclear what the courts will decide when it comes to restricting places where guns can be brought. While there is a long history of restricting places where guns can be, the Supreme Court has established that there is a right to posses guns for self-defense outside of their homes.
While there are certain places that can be protected from guns, the concern is that if the list of places gets too long, it could be interpreted as restricting the public’s Second Amendment rights, according to Siegel.
New York
New York passed gun restrictions in response to the Breun decision, making concealed carry in “sensitive locations” illegal, and banning guns from areas including mass transit and Times Square.
A federal judge blocked parts of the new gun law governing licensing. The law replaced the unconstitutional “proper cause” standard with a requirement to demonstrate “good moral character.”
The Supreme Court on Thursday allowed the law to remain in place, for now.
Gottlieb criticized the law, saying jewelry store owners in Times Square received notices that they cannot have guns on the premises since it is now a sensitive location.
Reducing gun violence
To limit firearm violence, research published last year suggests that lawmakers should focus on who has access to weapons, rather than the weapons themselves. Research suggests that there is bipartisan support for keeping weapons away from dangerous people or those with a criminal history, Siegel said.
There are only four states that have bans that prohibit the possession and purchase of a gun by anyone with a history of violence.
Siegel was the lead researcher in a study that recommended several policies widely supported by gun owners and non-gun owners, including lowering the threshold of what crimes can disqualify someone from being able to legally purchase or possess a gun. Those include violent misdemeanor crimes such as assault, along with battery and stalking, which is currently excluded. Additional recommended policies include implementing red flag laws, simplifying universal background checks and implementing state-level gun permit laws.
FX announced on Thursday that it has renewed Mayans M.C. for a fifth and final season, according to Variety. The Sons of Anarchy spinoff stars JD Pardo as Ezekiel “EZ’ Reyes, a member of the Mayans Motorcycle Club charter on the border of California and Mexico, who, along with his brother Angel — played by Clayton Cardenas — and the rest of the Santo Padre M.C., face retaliation from other chapters after a failed attempt to align under one King. EZ and Angel have also grown apart from their father Felipe, portrayed by Edward James Olmos, after a major betrayal. Danny Pino, Carla Baratta, Michael Irby, Raoul Max Trujillo, Emilio Rivera, Sarah Bolger, Frankie Loyal, Joseph Lucero and Vincent Vargas also star…
Avatar: The Way of Water, Black Panther: Wakanda Forever, Elvis and The Fabelmans are among the nominees competing for best picture honors at the 2023 Producers Guild Awards. Guillermo del Toro’s Pinocchio and Marcel the Shell with Shoes On received nods in the animated category, and The White Lotus, Severance, Abbott Elementary, Barry and Only Murders in the Building were among the nominees in their respective TV categories. The PGA will also honor Tom Cruise with the David O. Selznick Achievement Award, Michael De Luca and Pamela Abdy with the Milestone Award, and Till with the Stanley Kramer Award. View the full list of nominees at ProducersGuild.org. The 34th annual Producers Guild Awards will take place on Feb. 25 at the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Los Angeles…
Kevin Hart‘s satirical action-comedy series, Die Hart, is being condensed into a movie for Prime Video, according to Deadline. The series — also starring John Travolta, Nathalie Emmanuel, Josh Hartnett and Jean Reno — stars the titular comedian playing a fictionalized version of himself as he sets out to become an action star. The original 10-episode series launched on Quibi back in 2020. Roku picked up the rights when it acquired Quibi assets. Die Hart 2: Die Harter, is currently in production, also starring John Cena, Ben Schwartz and Paula Pell…
Ghosts has been renewed for season 3 at CBS, the network announced on Thursday. The comedy series stars Rose McIver and Utkarsh Ambudkar as a couple that inherits a rundown mansion in upstate New York, only to find it is teeming with ghosts. Brandon Scott Jones, Richie Moriarty, Danielle Pinnock, Asher Grodman, Román Zaragoza, Sheila Carrasco, Rebecca Wisocky and Devan Chandler Long star as the ghosts…
(LONDON) — The appointment of an oil executive as head of the United Nations’ COP28 climate conference on Thursday sparked backlash from environmental organizations.
The Office of the United Arab Emirates’ Special Envoy for Climate Change announced Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber, the head of the state-run Abu Dhabi National Oil Company, as the president-designate for the 2023 climate change conference, which will take place in Dubai over two weeks in November and December.
Al Jaber is chair of the UAE government-owned renewable energy company Masdar and has served as the UAE’s climate envoy twice, a statement from the special envoy said.
He is the first CEO to ever serve as COP president, “having played a key role in shaping the country’s clean energy path,” according to Al Jaber’s office.
The president of the conference is confirmed by the delegates to the conference when it begins.
But the announcement Thursday over the appointment of a top oil executive to lead the most important climate conference of the year was quickly met with disapproval by some environmental policy experts and activists who called for the CEO to step down from his role leading one of the biggest oil companies in the world.
Al Jaber’s nomination is “devastating blow to the climate negotiations at a critical moment in history,” Tzeporah Berman, chair of the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty, told ABC News.
He must resign from the oil company he presides over in order to obtain a seat at COP, not to mention the presidency, Berman said.
“The nomination of Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber is a clear example of the fox watching the hen house,” Berman said. “The oil and gas companies are not going to design their own demise.”
The appointment of Al Jaber to lead COP28 is “egregious” and “could potentially impede the sole purpose of the meeting,” Delta Merner, head of the Science Hub for Climate Litigation at the Union for Concerned Scientists, told ABC News.
“During COP27, we saw a 25% increase in fossil fuel interest direct participation in the meeting, this is a trend we need to move away from for meaningful progress, not embrace through leadership choices,” Merner said. He agreed that Al Jaber should step down from his role overseeing the production of fossil fuels.
Catherine Abreu, founder and executive director of environmental nonprofit Destination Zero, told ABC News, “An oil company CEO cannot be the kind of President that COP28 needs.”
“A person tasked with making the most profit possible from oil and gas extraction can’t be the same person tasked with landing the most ambitious outcome possible from a climate conference,” Abreu said.
Al Jaber’s appointment “sets a dangerous precedent” and risks the credibility of the UAE, Tracy Carty, global climate politics expert with Greenpeace, said in a statement.
“Greenpeace is deeply alarmed at the appointment of an oil company CEO to lead the global climate negotiations,” Carty said.
Carty continued, “There is no place for the fossil fuel industry in the global climate negotiations.”
Tasneem Essop, executive director for the Climate Action Network International, described Al Jaber’s appointment as a “conflict of interest.”
“He cannot preside over a process that is tasked to address the climate crisis with such a conflict of interest, heading an industry that is responsible for the crisis itself,” Essop said.
Every year, the country hosting the U.N.’s Conference of the Parties, from which COP gets its name, nominates someone — typically a veteran diplomat — to chair the talks.
“This will be a critical year in a critical decade for climate action,” Al Jaber said in a statement. “The UAE is approaching COP28 with a strong sense of responsibility and the highest possible level of ambition.”
“The announcement further highlights the UAE’s regional leadership in climate action and its role as a global advocate for clean energy,” the Office of the UAE’s Special Envoy for Climate Change added. “The UAE is home to three of the largest and lowest-cost solar projects in the world and has invested more than $50 billion in renewable energy projects across 70 countries, with plans to invest a minimum of $50 billion over the next decade.”
(NEW YORK) — “When you’re cooking, steam comes out of your mouth,” Svetalana told us, standing in her bitterly cold, pitch-black kitchen, near where seven months earlier a Russian bomb caused the windows to blow out and her bedroom walls to cave in.
Svetlana is now dealing with another kind of Russian attack, as Putin wages a war on the Ukrainian people’s power supply. With temperatures dropping well below freezing in the winter months, Russia has launched waves of missiles and drones at Ukraine’s energy infrastructure since October in an attempt to envelop an entire nation in cold and darkness. As a result of these attacks, power outages have become part of daily life for millions of Ukrainians.
Reaching over the stove to boil the kettle, Svetalana said, “Thankfully it’s gas. I made borscht yesterday, I needed to cook because we were told we wouldn’t have water for days.”
Svetlana gestured to the several buckets of water and a stack of pancakes sitting atop her kitchen counter. Without running water, her family must go outside to use the toilet. Svetlana said that it was so cold at one stage that all the drain pipes broke like Christmas tree ornaments, and are now having to be replaced one by one.
Svetlana, like many Borodyanka residents, is picking up the pieces after coming under heavy bombardment in the early days of the war in the spring of last year. Parts of this rural town, sitting around 30 miles northwest of Kyiv with a population of close to 15,000 before Russia’s invasion, were razed to the ground by Russian bombers as Putin’s troops tried to close in on the capital.
Most buildings along the main road were impacted, including Svetlana’s multistory apartment complex. Entire walls collapsed, windows broke to pieces. But others fared even worse. The block of flats next door was annihilated and dozens were killed, Ukrainian officials said, with some estimates claiming at least 200 perished under the rubble. Months later, a gaping hole in the ground remains where Svetlana’s neighbours once lived.
We had met with a teary Svetlana in June in her apartment. The attacks were still fresh and she had only just started to come to terms with what had happened. She showed us a desk in her living room where her 16-year-old son had been sleeping when the bombs hit: “My son was stuttering after the first attacks, I was afraid he would never be able to speak again.”
While the stutter has since disappeared, remnants of the destruction continue to haunt Svetlana and her family. Despite attempts to renovate the shattered parts of her apartment, the energy crisis fanned by Russia’s onslaught of missiles means Svetlana’s rebuilding efforts during the winter months have virtually ground to a halt.
Yet Svetlana still considers herself lucky. As a teacher at a local kindergarten, Svetlana says she’s fortunate to have heating during her working hours.
Svetlana admits she would have moved out by now, “My son and husband refuse to leave, so we’re all staying.”
ABC News’ Tatiana Rymarenko contributed to this report.
(NEW YORK) — A massive storm system sweeping across the United States struck the South on Thursday with severe winds and numerous tornadoes, killing at least seven people in Alabama and Georgia.
In Alabama’s Autauga County, northwest of Montgomery, at least six people died due to the severe weather, according to the local sheriff’s office. “Multiple” other people were hospitalized and about 40 to 50 homes were either damaged or destroyed, the county emergency management agency told ABC News.
In Georgia’s Butts County, southeast of Atlanta, at least one person — a child — died when a tree fell on a vehicle, the local coroner told ABC News.
Meanwhile, at least 23 tornadoes were reported across Alabama on Thursday. More twisters were expected as a line of severe storms moved through Georgia and the Carolinas on Thursday night.
One of the tornadoes delivered “significant damage” to Alabama’s historic city of Selma, according to the mayor’s office.
The National Weather Service confirmed a “large and extremely dangerous” tornado struck Selma on Thursday at 12:20 p.m. local time.
Most of Selma’s streets are closed due to downed power lines and trees, according to the mayor’s office.
All Selma students are reported to be safe and at their schools, the office added.
The city, a famous focal point of the civil rights movement, is located in central Alabama and has a population of about 17,000.
Alabama Gov. Kay Ivey issued a state of emergency for six counties — including Dallas County, which encompasses Selma, and Autauga County — “that were in the path of Mother Nature’s wrath,” the governor tweeted Thursday evening.
Ivey said she will be monitoring the severe weather system “to determine if an expanded state of emergency is needed.”
ABC News’ Matt Foster and Melissa Griffin contributed to this report.
(NEW YORK) — Amid a flu season that started earlier than expected there’s also been a higher number of strep A cases in children this year.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued an advisory warning last month about the increase to make sure clinicians and public health authorities know how to identify and treat the infection.
While each disease can turn into a serious case on its own, in rare cases, the two can infect people, particularly children, at once and lead to severe, or even fatal, complications, according to health experts.
A 5-year-old boy from Greenville, Michigan, died on New Year’s Eve after testing positive for the flu and then developing strep A, according to ABC News Grand Rapids affiliate WZZM.
Public health experts said influenza can weaken the immune system, which can then make people — including children — susceptible to secondary infections.
“Influenza is a respiratory virus, meaning it infects the nasal passages, the passages of the back of your throat, and then the lining of the lungs,” Dr. Lori Handy, an attending physician in the division of infectious diseases at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, told ABC News. “Anytime those areas are particularly irritated, they break down some of your normal immune defenses that would protect against secondary bacterial infections and the bacteria really take advantage of that breakdown and go ahead and enter your body.”
There are several pathways by which the immune system response can breakdown as a result of flu infection. One Yale University study found flu triggers an increase in levels of serum glucocorticoid, a steroid hormone, which suppresses the immune system.
Dr. Sam Dominguez, an infectious disease specialist at Children’s Hospital Colorado, said there is also evidence the flu can decrease macrophages, a type of immune system cell that destroys bacteria and other organisms, or that the virus allows bacteria to adhere better to respiratory cells.
“That allows bacteria to gain entry into the body more easily and so that’s an advantage that the bacteria can utilize if you had an influenza infection,” he told ABC News.
Although it’s not incredibly common to see children with this type of co-infection, doctors said they do see cases every year.
Dominguez said he and his colleagues in the hospital are “definitely seeing more cases this year than last year.”
Children’s hospitals and health agencies across the U.S. have been observing an increase in cases of invasive group A strep infections among kids.
Strep A typically causes about 1,500 to 2,300 deaths in the U.S. every year, according to the CDC.
The CDC told ABC News it has seen childhood strep A infections in late 2022 return to levels seen during pre-pandemic years, and that it is monitoring the situation.
“CDC issued a health advisory on Dec. 22 to notify clinicians and public health authorities about an increase in pediatric invasive group A streptococcal, or iGAS, infections. The advisory highlights the importance of early recognition and appropriate treatment of these diseases,” the CDC said in its statement.
“It’s too soon to say whether iGAS case numbers are rising beyond what we would normally expect from GAS seasonal patterns, pre-pandemic. The overall number of iGAS cases is relatively low and iGAS infections are rare,” the statement continued.
The experts stressed the importance of making sure parents get their children vaccinated against the flu if they haven’t done so already.
As of Dec. 24 — the latest date for which data is available — 47.5% of all children have received a flu vaccine, according to CDC data.
“The influenza vaccine is very good at preventing severe disease in terms of saving you from getting hospitalized or dying of influenza and then, second of all, it prevents you from getting the secondary bacterial infections on top of that,” Dominguez said.
While young children and children with underlying health conditions are at higher risk for severe flu disease or hospitalization, even relatively healthy children can develop complications.
“While parents may feel like, ‘My child generally doesn’t get sick, I’m going to skip vaccine this year,’ we see generally healthy children get severely ill both from influenza and then complicated bacterial infections after,” Handy said. “So, we really need everybody to be vaccinated to keep everybody out of the hospital, and also just reduce transmission within the community. So, it’s about both protecting yourself but then protecting all of those people you come in contact with.”
They also recommended that families follow the same advice offered throughout the course of the pandemic including thoroughly washing your hands, staying home when sick and speaking to your primary care doctor.
ABC News’ Emma Egan, Nicole Wetsman and Dr. Nicole McLean contributed to this report.
(WASHINGTON) — Moments after clinching the House speakership, Kevin McCarthy headed to the cameras to “especially thank” one person he said helped him get the gig: Donald Trump.
“I do want to especially thank President Trump,” McCarthy told reporters. “I don’t think anybody should doubt his influence. He was with me from the beginning … he was all in.”
The former president, coming off of weeks of negative headlines from having dinner with a white supremacist to having his tax returns released, was also quick to take credit for McCarthy’s eventual victory after publicly and privately pressuring members to back him.
“The Fake News Media was, believe it or not, very gracious in their reporting that I greatly helped Kevin McCarthy attain the position of Speaker of the House. Thank you, I did our Country a big favor!” Trump wrote on his social media platform.
However, some of the Republican holdouts who blocked McCarthy’s effort for days told ABC News that their decision to back down had nothing to do with Trump.
“President Trump had no influence on the votes, myself or any of my colleagues,” Rep. Bob Good, R-Va., one of the initial five so-called “Never Kevins” who pushed for major changes to how the House functioned, told ABC News when asked what influenced his decision.
“Saturday morning, it became clear that it was inevitable that Mr. McCarthy was going to become speaker, and I saw no reason to prolong that through the weekend,” Good added.
McCarthy ultimately won the speakership after historically falling short on over a dozen ballots in a row thanks to stiff opposition from 20 Republican rebels who collectively stymied his efforts for days until finally relenting early on Saturday.
GOP Rep. Matt Rosendale of Montana, who was captured in a now-viral photo waving off Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Ga., who was holding up a cell phone with Trump on the line, also told ABC News that the former president had nothing to do with his speaker vote.
“Not with my decision,” Rosendale said when asked if Trump played any role. “My decision was based on the voters of Montana and to support the constitution … I was meeting and listening to my constituents and my effort was always focused on making sure we had a much more open process.”
Rep. Ralph Norman of South Carolina, another one of the initial five so-called “Never Kevins,” also told ABC News that Trump “didn’t have anything” to do with his ultimate decision to back McCarty. “In fact, I disagreed with him getting involved,” Norman said.
“This is a House function. We elect the speaker,” Norman added.
Florida Rep. Byron Donalds, R-Fla., who initially voted for McCarthy before switching his vote to Rep. Jim Jordan of Ohio and getting nominated for speaker himself, also told ABC News that Trump’s pressure campaign had little impact on him.
“It wasn’t that — it wasn’t that,” Donalds, who said he spoke with Trump throughout the process, said when asked if the former president’s efforts swayed him.
Some members weren’t as definitive regarding Trump’s impact. Biggs, who ran a long-shot speakership campaign against McCarthy, told ABC News he did not want to comment on whether or not the former president played a role in the days-long fight. “I’m just ready to go forward together,” Biggs said.
Meanwhile, Rep. Andrew Clyde of Georgia was the only member ABC News spoke with who said he did believe the former president “certainly had influence in the process.”
Clyde, who said he spoke with Trump’s staff during the speaker fight, said the outcome from the at times contentious week will be a “win-win for our country and for our leadership.”
(NEW YORK) — Former President Donald Trump’s namesake family real estate firm will be sentenced Friday in New York following its conviction on 17 counts, include a 13-year scheme to defraud.
The company faces a sentence that potentially includes a $1.7 million fine.
The verdict, delivered Dec. 6, held the Trump Organization liable for the criminal conduct of some of its top executives, mainly Allen Weisselberg, the former chief financial officer who was sent to jail on Rikers Island earlier this week for arranging nearly $2 million of his compensation off the books.
Trump himself was not charged and the company’s defense attorneys said he did not know about the scheme. However, his name came up dozens of times, mainly on defense examination of witnesses.
Defense attorney Michael van der Veen said in his closing statement that jurors “heard no evidence in this case that Mr. Trump or any of his children were aware of anything improper.”
Prosecutors said the former president sanctioned fraud. They showed the jury checks Trump signed and a memo he initialed
“This whole narrative that Donald Trump is blissfully ignorant is just not true,” Assistant District Attorney Josh Steinglass said during his closing statement.
Prosecutors said the Trump Organization arranged for Weisselberg and other company executives to receive part of their compensation in perks, like private school tuition and car payments, to evade taxes. In doing so, prosecutors said the executives had some intent to help the company pay less in salaries, bonuses and payroll taxes.
The defense argued the executives never intended to benefit the company and said the scheme the executives hatched was motivated solely by personal greed.
The trial revealed potentially embarrassing details about Trump, including nearly $1 billion in operating losses Trump reported over a two-year period in 2009 and 2010.
Trump’s outside accountant also testified that Trump reported losses each year for eight years from 2009 to 2018, some of the same years Trump was touting his business acumen on reality television and on the campaign trail.
“This was a case about greed and cheating. In Manhattan, no corporation is above the law,” Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg said at the time the verdict was announced last month. “For 13 years the Trump Corporation and the Trump Payroll Corporation got away with a scheme that awarded high-level executives with lavish perks and compensation while intentionally concealing the benefits from the taxing authorities to avoid paying taxes.”
In addition to the fine, the Trump Organization faces potential collateral consequences that could be more severe if banks call in loans or business partners cancel contracts due to internal clauses that prohibit doing business with felons.
