Supreme Court to decide whether to jump into abortion debate, again

Supreme Court to decide whether to jump into abortion debate, again
Supreme Court to decide whether to jump into abortion debate, again
Ryan McGinnis/Getty Images

(WASHINGTON) — The Supreme Court on Wednesday gave itself more time to decide whether to wade into a legal challenge to FDA’s approval of the abortion pill, a case that could restrict access to the drug mifepristone nationwide – even in states where abortion is legal.

The court, which was expected to act by the end of the day Wednesday, extended a temporary stay of a lower court ruling until 11:59. p.m. Friday.

If the Supreme Court agrees to take up a Texas judge’s ruling that threatened to pull the drug from the market, it would be the second time in less than a year that the high court will deal with limits to abortion access, potentially paving the way for another blockbuster ruling this summer that could dramatically change how drugs are approved in the U.S.

“It is not a stretch to say that a judge can wake up in the morning and decide that they want to take a certain medication off the market,” including vaccines or anti-depressants, if the lower court rulings stand, said Josh Sharfstein, former principal deputy commissioner at the FDA.

The case has deeply divided the country, with Republican governors and lawmakers lining up behind the conservative plaintiffs in the case.

“Fundamentally, chemical abortion drugs pose serious health and safety risks to women and girls,” states a brief filed with the Supreme Court, signed by nearly 150 Republican lawmakers including Senate Minority Whip John Thune of South Dakota, Senate Republican Conference Chairman John Barrasso of Wyoming, and House Majority Leader Steve Scalise of Louisiana.

On the other side are Democratic governors, lawmakers and the nation’s largest medical associations, as well as hundreds of pharmaceutical executives and companies. They note mifepristone has been widely available for 23 years — used by an estimated 5 million women and accounting for more than half of all abortions in the US.

“There is a greater risk of complications or mortality for procedures like wisdom-tooth removals, tonsillectomies, colonoscopies, and plastic surgeries, than by any abortion method (medication or procedural),” the American Medical Association and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, wrote in a court brief.

Mifepristone is the sole drug approved by the FDA to end early pregnancies, typically given along with second drug misoprostol that helps empty the uterus.

Since the drug’s 2000 approval, the FDA later expanded access, greenlighting a generic version of the drug and allowing it to be given up to 10 weeks of pregnancy instead of seven and provided via telehealth and the mail.

The drug’s rise in popularity and widespread accessibility has made it a target of the anti-abortion rights movement. Last fall, the conservative legal group Alliance Defending Freedom sued the FDA, insisting that federal regulators ignored critical safety concerns during the drug’s 23 years on the market.

Earlier this month, the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals ordered the FDA to roll back its rules on the drug — only allowing the drug to be given to patients up to seven weeks of pregnancy instead of 10 after three in-person doctor visits and prohibiting it from being mailed.

The Biden administration appealed, and Justice Samuel Alito’s original administrative stay of the ruling last Friday – keeping FDA’s current rules on the drug in place — was intended to give the high court a chance to consider how to address the case.

If the Supreme Court decides to weigh in, it is expected the justices also would decide by Friday whether to keep the 5th Circuit ruling on hold — preserving the status quo — while the legal challenge plays out.

Depending upon what the Supreme Court decides, access to the abortion pill could potentially be severely restricted or even eliminated, including in states where abortion is legal – at least until the case has a chance to wind its way through the legal process.

Complicating the issue is an opposing ruling by a federal judge in Washington who ordered the FDA to keep the drug on the market under its current rules. Danco Labs, which makes the brand-name version of the drug Mifeprex, said the dueling rulings if left unaddressed would create “regulatory chaos.”

The company also warns that if left in place, the 5th Circuit ruling would result in all doses of mifepristone being “misbranded” because the labeling would no longer comply with the approval standard.

Adjusting the drug’s labeling “could take months,” they say, resulting in a stop of production.

The 5th Circuit ruling also would invalidate the 2019 FDA approval of the generic version of the drug — an estimated two-thirds of the market.

ABC’s Devin Dwyer contributed to this report.

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John Fogerty honored with the BMI Board of Directors Award

John Fogerty honored with the BMI Board of Directors Award
John Fogerty honored with the BMI Board of Directors Award

John Fogerty was honored earlier this week at the BMI/NAB Dinner in Las Vegas with the BMI Board of Directors Award, which celebrated the impact of his five-decade career.

Mike O’Neill, President & CEO of BMI, shared that Fogerty is “what it means to be a living legend,” calling him a “groundbreaking singer, songwriter and guitarist responsible for some of the best known, most beloved and distinctive rock songs of the 20th century.”

In accepting the award, Fogerty showed off a notebook from 1967, with the first lines written in it being “Proud Mary,” which just eight months later was turned into a song that became a future classic.

The evening also featured a performance by the Rock & Roll Hall of Famer, who was joined by sons Tyler and Shane for “Have You Ever Seen the Rain,” “Fortunate Son” and “Proud Mary.”

Next up, Fogerty is set to hit the road on his Celebration Tour, which kicks off April 27 in Uncasville, Connecticut. A complete list of dates can be found at JohnFogerty.com.

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Trump adviser Boris Epshteyn scheduled to be interviewed by special counsel probing Jan. 6

Trump adviser Boris Epshteyn scheduled to be interviewed by special counsel probing Jan. 6
Trump adviser Boris Epshteyn scheduled to be interviewed by special counsel probing Jan. 6
Tom Williams/CQ-Roll Call, Inc via Getty Images

(WASHINGTON) — Top Trump adviser and lawyer Boris Epshteyn is scheduled to meet Thursday with special counsel Jack Smith’s prosecutors as part of the probe into former President Donald Trump’s attempt to overturn the 2020 election, sources familiar with the matter told ABC News.

The interview, requested by the special counsel’s office, comes as multiple other top Trump advisers have appeared before a grand jury investigating Trump’s actions leading up to the Jan. 6 attack on the U.S. Capitol.

It’s not immediately clear why investigators are not seeking Epshteyn’s testimony before the grand jury probing the matter, or whether that’s a step they will ultimately take.

Epshteyn could not be reached for comment by ABC News.

A spokesperson for the special counsel declined to comment.

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More projects reportedly distance themselves from Jonathan Majors following domestic violence charges

More projects reportedly distance themselves from Jonathan Majors following domestic violence charges
More projects reportedly distance themselves from Jonathan Majors following domestic violence charges
ABC

The career blowback against Jonathan Majors continues, following his arrest for an alleged domestic dispute in New York City on March 25.

A day after his longtime management company, Entertainment 360, dropped him, Deadline reports the Creed III star and Texas native will no longer be part of an ad campaign for the Texas Rangers. Further, the trade says he will be replaced in a film called The Man in My Basement, which would have had Majors producing and starring alongside Willem Dafoe.

Majors is reportedly “no longer under consideration” for an Otis Redding biopic called Otis and Zelma, Deadline also says.

Following his arrest, Majors was pulled from a new campaign promoting the U.S. Army.

Majors was set to reprise his Kang the Conqueror character from Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania in Marvel Cinematic Universe projects on both the big and small screen; the first of these to wrap was the second season of Loki.

So far, Marvel Studios has been mum, but a scan of the press release for Quantumania‘s release on digital and Blu-ray makes no mention of the star, who many critics said was a bright spot of the film.

Majors is expected to appear before a judge in New York City May 8 in relation to his arrest on multiple charges of assault and harassment, which left his alleged victim with “minor injuries to her head and neck,” according to the NYPD.

After he was charged, his attorney Priya Chaudhry released a statement calling her client “completely innocent …” and predicted that “all charges will be dropped imminently.”

Marvel Studios is owned by Disney, the parent company of ABC News.

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Why some advocates say the water in Puerto Rico is not safe to drink

Why some advocates say the water in Puerto Rico is not safe to drink
Why some advocates say the water in Puerto Rico is not safe to drink
Jessie DiMartino/ABC News

(SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico) — Some Puerto Ricans are worried about the safety of their drinking water.

Over the last few decades, some residents and advocates on the island have become skeptical about the water that comes out of their faucet, deciding to drink only bottled water.

“I buy bottled water,” Bruneli, a resident of Barceloneta, told ABC News. “I’ve found that the water isn’t reliable.”

The issue stems from a combination of factors, including a failing infrastructure at treatment centers and pollution from the booming manufacturing industry, Erik Olson, a senior strategic director at the National Resources Defense Council, told ABC News.

Puerto Rico also does not get the same amount of resources allocated to other jurisdictions in the U.S. and budget cuts have been made to all government agencies on the island, including environmental quality and protection agencies, Ruth Santiago, an attorney and environmental health advocate with Earth Justice, told ABC News.

The issues, which also include decades of violations at water utilities, leave residents feeling like not enough is being done to ensure the quality of their water.

Barceloneta, a town on the northern coast of Puerto Rico known for housing many manufacturing plants, is also the site of a 33-acre plot full of toxic waste that has been there for decades, Julio Lopez Varona, the co-chief of campaigns at the Center for Popular Democracy, told ABC News.

The landfill, where many hazardous wastes were disposed of from the 1970s to the 1990s, has been established as a superfund site by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and has been monitored for 30 years, Carmen Guerrero Perez, director of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Caribbean Environmental Protection Division, told ABC News.

“At this moment, based on the five-year reviews that have been conducted, there hasn’t been any migration from contamination at that specific area,” Perez said.

The EPA is tasked with enforcing the Clean Water Act and overseeing local enforcement of the Safe Drinking Water Act. The most common violations include failure to test the water and failure to report problems, Olson said. Health-based violations, such as contamination with bacteria and failure to treat the water in accordance to EPA guidelines and chemical contamination issues, have also occurred, Olson said.

While Perez said the EPA has “a number of different enforcement strategies,” enforcements are akin to “a slap on the wrist,” Santiago said.

Both the local and federal government need to “step up” on enforcements, Olson said.

“Puerto Rico cannot continue to be the place where the U.S. extracts wealth and harms people because that’s just wrong,” Varona said.

Poorer communities are the demographic most likely to live near the sites that need the most cleanup and monitoring, advocates said. In Barceloneta, there is an “active community” near the waste site, Varona said.

“That’s sort of one of the elements of environmental injustice, right? The overburdening of communities that are poor,” Santiago said.

On April 4, the EPA said more than $62 million in funding is being dedicated to essential drinking water infrastructure upgrades in Puerto Rico.

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Manhattan DA investigating parking garage collapse that killed 1

Manhattan DA investigating parking garage collapse that killed 1
Manhattan DA investigating parking garage collapse that killed 1
Luiz C. Ribeiro for NY Daily News via Getty Images

(NEW YORK) — The Manhattan district attorney’s office will investigate the partial collapse of a parking garage that killed one and injured five others, a spokeswoman for the office confirmed Wednesday.

More than 50 cars were parked on the roof of the four-story Lower Manhattan building when it collapsed Tuesday afternoon, sending cars plummeting and killing one worker whose body remains trapped in the debris, officials said Wednesday.

The New York City Fire Department is slowly and methodically taking down the building. Gas tanks and electric vehicles in the debris are complicating the deconstruction process.

“This is an incredibly complex operation,” emergency management commissioner Zach Iscol said during a press briefing Wednesday. “The building is not structurally sound.”

The city is working to “safely demolish” the building while also removing the vehicles, he said.

New York City Mayor Eric Adams confirmed Wednesday that the deceased garage worker, who has not been publicly identified, also remains in the collapsed building. The man was a 59-year-old manager of the garage, sources said.

Four workers were treated at local hospitals following the collapse, while a fifth refused medical treatment, officials said. The New York Fire Department said it appears most if not all of the patients have since been released.

Department of Buildings acting Commissioner Kazimir Vilenchik said the building “pancaked,” and that the ceiling collapsed “all the way to the cellar floor.”

Firefighters went inside the building to search for victims but it was continuing to collapse so they evacuated. A robotic dog and a drone were brought in to continue to search the building. Officials believe that everyone is accounted for and there is no reason to believe this is anything but a structural collapse.

The exact cause of the collapse remains under investigation.

“There’s a thorough investigation that is going to happen with this building. And we’re going to learn from it,” Adams said.

A focus of the investigation is the weight of the vehicles parked on the roof and the age of the building, which was built in 1925.

The parking garage, which is owned by 57 Ann Street Realty Association, currently has four active violations, according to records from the New York City Department of Buildings.

The violations that remain open were recorded between 2003 and 2013.

One of the four violations still open is from Nov. 25, 2003, and has a severity status listed as “hazardous.” In the violation details, the department recorded the discovery of cracks in the concrete on the first floor, calling the concrete “defective.”

The company did not immediately respond to a voicemail seeking comment.

ABC News’ Aaron Katersky, Mark Crudele and Victoria Arancio contributed to this report.

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Lead in the water: How some of America’s water became too dangerous to drink

Lead in the water: How some of America’s water became too dangerous to drink
Lead in the water: How some of America’s water became too dangerous to drink
Sarah Rice/Getty Images

(NEW YORK) — Nearly 60 million Americans may not know they’re drinking from toxic metal in present day, according to the Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.

The U.S. currently holds approximately 9.2 lead service lines underground, according to a recent survey released by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

As the U.S. faces crisis after crisis in the country’s water infrastructure system, lead service lines continue to be a silent and deadly consequence – a decision determined by U.S. engineers more than 150 years ago.

History

The engineering concept was originally initiated in the Ancient Roman era – lead pipes were designed to channel clean water into its city and sweep out sewage.

In the 1800s, the ancient Roman conception was later adopted by the U.S., which would also install lead pipes nationwide to provide indoor plumbing to citizens.

“It created a public health benefit because we had clean water coming into our homes to take baths and wipe out waterborne disease – and that same water could sweep away our sewage,” Marc Edwards, professor of engineering at Virginia Tech, told ABC News.

For America, the nation’s goal was to deliver water in quantity — which lead pipes helped achieve due to their inexpensive, durable, non-leaking and long-lasting benefits.

Those lead pipes later became an environmental disaster as health experts realized their poisonous dangers, including miscarriages and fetal deaths.

“Around the 1920s, many cities required if you wanted to connect your house to the water main you had to use a lead pipe by law,” Edwards said.

Yet, several cities were still installing lead pipes, including Chicago – which didn’t stop installing lead pipes until 1986 when the Safe Drinking Water Act was amended, the EPA said.

Although the 1986 revised law banned lead, the pipes already installed were not required to be replaced, according to the EPA.

Lead is a tasteless, colorless and odorless chemical element that cannot be detected in the water. Health experts have determined there is ‘no safe level of lead’ in the human body. Children are often the most vulnerable as lead exposure can lead to anemia, brain damage, and among other issues in cognitive progress, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Present day health crisis

Edwards, who testified before Congress of the dangers of lead poisoning in Washington, D.C., in 2004, also helped to discover the Flint, Michigan, water crisis and said that he knew more water crises were impending.

Nearly 1 in 4 Flint residents may have PTSD after water crisis, study finds
Following Flint and Washington, D.C. also came Chicago, Newark, New Jersey, Benton Harbor, Michigan and Detroit.

Illinois is the second largest state to have the most lead pipes with more than 1 million still in service – Chicago alone has nearly 400,000, according to the EPA survey released in early April. Florida emerged as the state with the most lead service lines in the nation, beating out Illinois with 1,159,300 lead pipes.

Gina Ramirez, a third generation East Chicago native, says she and her family have strictly drank and cooked with bottled water for the last 30 years — because their home is connected to lead service lines. Ramirez, who also serves as the Midwest Outreach Manager for the Natural Resources Defense Council, NRDC, says her family’s neighborhood is mostly low-income, people of color.

“I mean a lot of families are just trying to put food on the table. There’s a lot of undocumented residences, undocumented residents in my neighborhood as well, so they don’t want to like, bring the alarm on that situation,” Ramirez said

For Ramirez, the process of having her pipes replaced has created a growing frustration as it’s taken her family two years before being approved for Chicago’s Lead Service Line equity program.

Illinois lawmakers have given Chicago nearly 50 years to replace all lead pipes compared to other cities like Flint, Benton Harbor and Newark, that has replaced nearly all its pipes in under five years.

Michigan to replace lead pipes in Benton Harbor in 18 months amid drinking water crisis
“That’s part of what it’s like living in a community where you have a tax on your health from outside your home and within your home. What kind of anxiety that can be, being raised in a home where you have to drink bottled water where you can’t trust your tap. That has to have long-term implications on your emotional health,” Ramirez says.

In late 2021, President Joe Biden signed a bipartisan infrastructure bill totaling $1.2 trillion, $15 billion of which will be targeted towards replacing lead water pipes and $50 billion will go toward fixing the nation’s water infrastructure system. As the Biden administration prioritizes lead pipe replacements nationwide, many Americans like Gina suggest the damage is already done.

Newark residents still aren’t convinced their water is safe to drink after lead water crisis
“This is a public health crisis,” Ramirez said. “I’m hopeful for these infrastructure dollars to go to lead service line replacements — we need the money to come into these communities who are disproportionately suffering health impacts and replace those lead service lines first.”

Copyright © 2023, ABC Audio. All rights reserved.

Def Leppard’s Phil Collen on Jeff Beck: “We wouldn’t be here if it wasn’t for him”

Def Leppard’s Phil Collen on Jeff Beck: “We wouldn’t be here if it wasn’t for him”
Def Leppard’s Phil Collen on Jeff Beck: “We wouldn’t be here if it wasn’t for him”
Per Ole Hagen/Redferns

Def Leppard guitarist Phil Collen is paying tribute to Jeff Beck in a new interview with Guitar World.

“Jeff Beck has always been one of my idols because he’s unique. No-one sounds like him, no-one plays like him, and you’ve got to respect that more than anything else,” Cpllen says of Beck, who passed away in January. “We wouldn’t be here if it wasn’t for him. No-one was able to get anywhere close to that.” 

Collen goes on to praise the days of the Jeff Beck Group with Rod Stewart singing, noting they “could have been a huge band.”

“They were supposed to play Woodstock, but Jeff had to fly home, so they never got to do it,” Collen says, noting that Beck went on to launch a successful solo career and Stewart went to Faces. Collen adds, “so everyone gained from them not doing Woodstock, even though if they’d done it they could’ve been as big as Led Zeppelin.”

Copyright © 2023, ABC Audio. All rights reserved.

Man allegedly guns down parents and their 2 friends days after his release from prison

Man allegedly guns down parents and their 2 friends days after his release from prison
Man allegedly guns down parents and their 2 friends days after his release from prison
Oliver Helbig/Getty Images

(BOWDOIN, Maine) — A 34-year-old man allegedly shot and killed his parents and their two friends at a home in Bowdoin, Maine, days after his release from prison, authorities said.

Around 9:21 a.m. Tuesday, four people were found shot dead at the home: 72-year-old Robert Eger, 62-year-old Patricia Eger and 62-year-old Cynthia Eaton were found inside, while 66-year-old David Eaton was found in the barn, Maine State Police said at a news conference Wednesday.

The Eatons’ son, Joseph Eaton, had been released from the Windham Correctional Facility in Maine on April 14 after serving a sentence for aggravated assault, according to police. His mother picked him up from prison and brought him to Bowdoin to stay with the Egers, who were family friends, police said.

Shortly after the four bodies were found, around 10:30 a.m. on Tuesday, Joseph Eaton allegedly shot three people as they drove south on Interstate 295 in Yarmouth, about 25 miles south of Bowdoin, police said.

One of the interstate shooting victims, a 25-year-old woman, is in critical condition, police said. The other two victims, a 51-year-old man and his 29-year-old son, suffered non-life-threatening injuries, police said.

Joseph Eaton was taken into custody and “confessed to killing his parents and their friends in Bowdoin,” state police said. Joseph Eaton allegedly “believed that the vehicles he had shot on the interstate were police vehicles that were following him.”

He has been charged with four counts of murder, police said.

ABC News’ Darren Reynolds and Ben Stein contributed to this report.

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Here’s what will happen if Colorado River system doesn’t recover from ‘historic drought’

Here’s what will happen if Colorado River system doesn’t recover from ‘historic drought’
Here’s what will happen if Colorado River system doesn’t recover from ‘historic drought’
RJ Sangosti/MediaNews Group/The Denver Post via Getty Images

(LAS VEGAS) — The Colorado River, one of the most important river systems in the country, is drying up at an alarming rate.

The issues surrounding depleting water levels along the Colorado River basin have become as heated as the arid climate contributing to the moisture-sapping megadrought persisting in the region for decades.

Despite an extremely wet winter that eased the effects of the longstanding drought, regional officials and environmental experts are expressing concern over future severe dips in the water supply and other ramifications dwindling water levels could have on local economies and human health.

An ample water supply is a “critical component” of human health and public safety, Sinjin Eberle, Southwest region communications director for the nonprofit American Rivers, told ABC News.

“If there’s not a healthy environment, we don’t have healthy drinking water supplies, and we don’t have healthy ecosystems and we don’t have habitat for wildlife,” Eberle said. “We don’t have sustainability and we don’t have certainty in the water supplies.”

The Colorado River is one of the most important systems in the country

The Colorado River Basin supplies drinking water to 40 million people in the U.S., as well as two states in Mexico, according to the Bureau of Reclamation. It also fuels hydropower resources in eight states and remains a crucial resource for 30 Tribal Nations and agriculture communities across the West.

The river system supports $1.4 trillion of the annual U.S. economy and 16 million jobs in California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico and Wyoming– equivalent to about 1/12 of the total U.S. domestic product, economists at the University of Arizona found in 2015. More than 90% of the country’s winter leafy greens and much of its vegetables are grown in Yuma, Arizona — the state that would experience the most drastic water cuts under current regulations.

Lake Mead was producing 25% less hydroelectricity as its elevation reached a record low at 1,067 feet in December 2021. The reservoir was dangerously close to hitting dead pool status, when water levels are too low to flow downstream to generate power, last June as surface elevation measured in at just 1,043 feet.

This past March, water levels in Lake Mead measured at 1,046 feet, according to the Bureau of Reclamation.

Dead pool status is “not far in the future,” and could possibly happen this decade, in the event of five or six consecutive dry winters, Zach Zobel, risk scientists at the Woodwell Climate Research Center, told ABC News.

If the West is not diligent in learning to live within the water system, it could have “serious ramifications” on other sectors, such as the semiconductor industry in Phoenix, a billion-dollar industry that provides tens of thousands of jobs in Arizona, Eberle said.

Without water from the Colorado River, Arizona’s gross state product would drop by more than $185 billion in a year and the state would lose more than 2 million jobs, the 2015 report found.

In addition, electricity bills and water bills have the potential to skyrocket, and the region will need to consider building infrastructure for other power sources, such as solar and wind, Eberle said.

“Even more alarming” is that water could get so low that it can not be pumped and delivered to the states, communities and agricultural industries that rely on it, Richard Frank, professor of environmental practice at the University of California Davis School of Law, told ABC News.

The dip in water levels is widely due to climate change

Over the past 20 years, the West has been undergoing a substantial period of drought, much of it driven by anthropogenic, or human-caused, climate change, according to experts.

For every 1 degree Celsius in temperature rise, flow along the Colorado River has dipped 9.3%, scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey announced in 2020. This has led to the depletion of 1.5 billion tons of water, much of is lost to evaporation or lack or melting snowpack, according to the study.

The Colorado River has about 19% less volume than in the year 2000, Eberle said. By 2050, that number is expected to drop to 30% less than in 2000 if temperatures continue to rise, he added.

The Colorado River is over-allocated, experts say

In 1922, the Colorado River Compact divvied up the river’s water — as to how the water supplies from the Colorado River and its tributaries would be allocated — among the seven states that rely on it. The upper basin states were established as New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming and Colorado, while the lower basin consists of California, Nevada and Arizona. Two states in Mexico — Baja California and Sonora — were added to the Compact in the 1940s.

However, the amount of water that was apportioned “was not consistent” and “exceeded significantly” the amount of water that was actually available, even by 1922 standards, Frank said.

“There were overestimations of how much water there would be to allocate among the states,” Frank said. “So it was a flawed premise to begin with.”

At the time of its inception, those in charge of dividing the water resources assumed they were working with a 17-million acre-foot river, based off an extremely wet period in the beginning of the 20th century, Eberle said. These days, the river is closer to 12 or 11 million acre-feet, he said.

When the contract was signed, there were only about half a million people living in the basin. Fast-forward to the 21st century, and a population explosion in the region with three of the largest cities in the country that rely on the Colorado River — Phoenix, San Diego and Los Angeles — has grown that number to more than 40 million, Eberle said.

Climate change over the past century has only worsened the inevitable problem, Frank said.

“So we have an additional challenge of less water availability at a time when we are we’re attracting more people who want to reside in the Southwest,” Frank said. “That’s a problem.”

Even in the absence of climate change, the Colorado River would likely be in decline due to the population growth, Zobel said.

1 year of heavy precipitation isn’t enough to solve problem

At the start of the fall, the visual evidence of overallocation, combined with years of severe drought, was striking along the Colorado River system. Prominent bathtub rings showing where water levels once were could be seen in Lake Mead and Lake Powell. Parts of Lake Mead were so dry that human remains began to emerge in riverbeds once covered in freshwater.

Then, as winter rolled in, an “amazing and completely unpredicted series of events” occurred, Eberle said.

A series of atmospheric rivers — essentially rivers in the sky that collect moisture from tropical areas and redistribute the water to other latitudes — have been pummeling the West Coast with an influx of precipitation since December, bringing round after round of heavy rain and snow to the parched region.

“The snowpack is amazing, and in some ways it kind of takes the foot off the gas in terms of how dire things could be,” Eberle said, but added that water levels could just as easily dip to record lows a year from now if urgent measures aren’t taken to conserve water.

In the future, the trend will be for greater, longer, more protracted droughts interrupted occasionally, by periods of plentiful rainfall, scientists say.

This year will be an “important case study” on how much of the water that was lost in the past five years from the largest reservoirs can be recovered, Zobel said.

“If things can’t recover in the good years, then the situation is still not looking good for the future,” Zobel said.

Climate scientists don’t expect many “average” years of precipitation anymore, Zobel said. Instead, what will likely happen is either all of the precipitation will come at once, or none at all — what is referred to the “boom or bust precipitation pattern,” he said.

While atmospheric rivers are expected to occur more frequently as global temperatures continue to rise, relying on the uncertainty that these events could occur again is not an adequate management strategy, Eberle said, especially since climate scientists expect snowpacks to trend much leaner in the future.

The influx of moisture into the coast has not yet been added to the water supply in the Colorado River system, but it will once the snowpack melts, the experts said.

In the sub-basin near Durango Colorado, the snowpack is about 180% above normal levels, Eberle said.

“That will bring a lot of water into Lake Powell and Lake Mead eventually,” he said.

The immediate steps needed to maintain water levels

It will be up to the federal government to step in and encourage a tightening of water usage and address the imbalance between supply and demand, especially as the population in the Southwest, the fastest-growing region in the country — continues to implode, the experts said.

The policy needs to include “major” water cuts, especially to the agriculture industry, Zobel said.

It would be “magical thinking” to assume that water from the Colorado River would be indefinitely available for the lower basin states, Frank said.

Officials may be coming to a consensus that too much water is leaving the Colorado River system.

On April 11, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation announced it was considering a landmark proposal that includes scenarios to conserve water by reducing the amount of water released from Glen Canyon Dam or cutting water allotments evenly among all the lower basin states if basin states don’t find a way to conserve 4 million acre feet of water in by 2024 — or roughly 20% of current water usage — a directive made by Bureau of Reclamation Commissioner Camille Calimlim Touton last summer.

“We’re in the third decade of a historic drought that has caused conditions that the people who built this system would not have imagined,” Tommy Beaudreau, deputy secretary of the Interior Department, told reporters on April 11.

Conversation among states to reduce water without federal intervention have become “very fractious and difficult,” Frank said, adding that Mexico’s entitlement further complicates matters.

The Interior Department will have the “ultimate say,” Frank added.

The Biden Administration will also be providing a $15.4 billion investment to enhance the West’s resilience to drought, which will include reducing water demand, maximizing water resources and protecting the communities along the Colorado River Basin.

Some of those solutions should include the modernization of agriculture industry systems, which uses up to 80% of the water supply in several regions, the experts said.

Water concerns are so rampant in Arizona that the city of Scottsdale cut off water delivery to Rio Verde Hills, an affluent neighborhood on the outskirts of the city.

“We have to address the imbalance between how much water there is, how much water there is going to be, and how much water is demanded for various aspects of life, like agriculture, drinking water in cities, and for recreation and water for the environment — a key component of the sustainability of human health and public safety across the basin,” Eberle said.

If the problem isn’t solved, lack of adequate water supply will have a “profound effect” on communities and businesses in the West and the nation overall, Frank said.

“What does Tom Cruise say in ‘Mission Impossible?’ Hope is not a strategy,” Eberle said.

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